FOVMath

Astronomy camera specifications

Specifications for 78 dedicated astronomy cameras from ZWO, QHYCCD, Player One, ToupTek, and for 18 DSLR and mirrorless bodies that are often used on telescopes. Every value was read from the manufacturer's own product page or manual; where a maker does not publish a value, the table says so instead of filling it in from elsewhere.

Many of these cameras share a Sony sensor. Cameras with the same sensor have the same pixel size and resolution, so they give the same field of view and image scale on a given telescope; they differ in cooling, electronics, back focus and software. The comparison pages put those side by side.

Camera families and sensor comparisons

  • DSLR and mirrorless sensors

    Eighteen Canon, Nikon, Sony and Fujifilm bodies compared by sensor size and image size, with derived pixel pitch, crop factor and fields from 14 to 300 mm.

    18 models

  • Guide cameras

    Twelve guide and small-sensor cameras at 120–600 mm: guide image scale against the main camera's, how much sky each sees, and when PHD2 suggests binning.

    12 models

  • IMX455 full-frame cameras

    Seven IMX455 full-frame cameras: the 43.3 mm image circle the sensor needs, 122 MB per 16-bit FITS frame, and how the ZWO, QHY, Player One and ToupTek bodies differ.

    7 models

  • IMX533 square cameras

    Ten IMX533 cameras with an 11.31 mm square frame: why a square suits round targets, how orientation stops mattering, and where QHY's 3008 × 3028 figure differs.

    10 models

  • IMX571 APS-C cameras

    Eleven cameras on Sony's IMX571: the same 3.76 µm pixels and near-identical fields, with differences in published cooling, back focus, full well and read noise.

    11 models

  • IMX585 cameras

    Eight IMX585 cameras from ZWO, QHY, Player One and ToupTek: cooled and uncooled twins, two published pixel arrays, and 2.9 µm sampling at long focal lengths.

    8 models

  • Player One cameras

    Player One's Poseidon, Ares, Zeus, Uranus, Saturn, Neptune, Mars, Ceres and Apollo cameras mapped to their Sony sensors, with cooled and uncooled twins compared.

    17 models

  • QHY5III cameras

    QHYCCD's uncooled QHY5III line from 1.45 µm to 5.86 µm pixels: the focal ratio each pixel size needs, back focus with and without the adapter, and spec conflicts.

    8 models

  • QHYCCD cooled cameras

    QHY's cooled cameras from the QHY183 to the QHY600, with sensor sizes computed from pixels × pitch, effective vs total pixel areas, and two discontinued models.

    12 models

  • ToupTek astro cameras

    ToupTek's ATR, SkyEye, G3M and GP astronomy cameras decoded, with the resolutions ToupTek publishes for shared Sony sensors and where its own pages disagree.

    12 models

  • ZWO cooled cameras

    ZWO's cooled ASI cameras grouped by sensor size, from the 1/1.2-inch ASI585MC Pro to the medium-format ASI461MM Pro, with computed fields and focal lengths.

    17 models

  • ZWO planetary and guide cameras

    ZWO's uncooled ASI cameras compared by pixel size and field: 1.45 µm to 5.86 µm pixels, image scale at long focal lengths, and the Mini guide cameras.

    12 models

All astronomy cameras

Model names link to the manufacturer's specification page. Select a column heading to sort.

Astronomy cameras: published sensor specifications
Model Sensor Type Resolution (px) Pixel (µm) Sensor (mm) ADC bits Full well (ke⁻) Read noise (e⁻) Cooling
ZWO ASI2600MC Pro Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6248 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 50 1.0–3.3 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI2600MM Pro Sony IMX571 Mono, cooled 6248 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 50 1.0–3.3 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI2600MC Duo Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6248 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 50 0.9–4.2 2-stage TEC, 30–35 °C below ambient (tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI2600MC Air Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6248 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 50 0.9–4.2 2-stage TEC, 30–35 °C below ambient (manual, tested at 30 °C); product table lists '-30℃ ~ -35℃'
ZWO ASI533MC Pro Sony IMX533 Colour, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 50 1.0–3.8 2-stage TEC; product table: 35 ℃; manual: 30–35 °C below ambient (at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI533MM Pro Sony IMX533 Mono, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 50 1.0–3.8 2-stage TEC; product table: 35 ℃; manual: 30–35 °C below ambient
ZWO ASI294MC Pro Sony IMX294 Colour, cooled 4144 × 2822 4.63 19.1 × 13 14 63.7 1.2–7.3 2-stage TEC, 35–40 °C below ambient (tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI294MM Pro Sony IMX492 Mono, cooled 4144 × 2822 4.63 19.1 × 13 14 66.4 1.2–8 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI071MC Pro Sony IMX071 Colour, cooled 4944 × 3284 4.78 23.6 × 15.6 14 46 2.3–3.3 Regulated two-stage TEC, ΔT 35–40 °C below ambient
ZWO ASI183MC Pro Sony IMX183 Colour, cooled 5496 × 3672 2.4 13.2 × 8.8 12 15 1.6–3.0 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI183MM Pro Sony IMX183 Mono, cooled 5496 × 3672 2.4 13.2 × 8.8 12 15 1.6–3.0 2-stage TEC, 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI6200MC Pro Sony IMX455 Colour, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 51.4 0.86 2-stage TEC, 30–35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C measured at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI6200MM Pro Sony IMX455 Mono, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 51.4 0.86 2-stage TEC, 30–35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C measured at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI2400MC Pro Sony IMX410 Colour, cooled 6072 × 4042 5.94 36 × 24 14 100 1.1–6.4 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI585MC Pro Sony IMX585 Colour, cooled 3840 × 2160 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 12 40 0.7–6.67 2-stage TEC, more than 35 °C below ambient (ΔT 35 °C tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI461MM Pro Sony IMX461 Mono, cooled 11656 × 8750 3.76 43.86 × 32.9 16 50.3 1.0–3.3 2-stage TEC, ΔT 30–35 °C at 30 °C ambient
ZWO ASI4400MC Pro Sony IMX366 Colour, cooled 8192 × 5460 4.4 36 × 24 14 74.6 1.1–7.6 2-stage TEC, 30–35 °C below ambient (tested at 30 °C ambient)
ZWO ASI120MM Mini AR0130CS Mono, uncooled 1280 × 960 3.75 4.8 × 3.6 12 14.5 4.0–6.6 None
ZWO ASI174MM Mini Sony IMX249 Mono, uncooled 1936 × 1216 5.86 11.3 × 7.1 12 32 3.5–6 None
ZWO ASI220MM Mini SC2210 Mono, uncooled 1920 × 1080 4 7.68 × 4.32 12 8.8 0.6–3.2 None
ZWO ASI462MM Sony IMX462 Mono, uncooled 1936 × 1096 2.9 5.6 × 3.2 12 11.2 0.5–2.6 None
ZWO ASI585MC Sony IMX585 Colour, uncooled 3840 × 2160 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 12 40 0.7 None
ZWO ASI678MC Sony IMX678 Colour, uncooled 3840 × 2160 2 7.7 × 4.3 12 11.3 0.6–2.7 None
ZWO ASI715MC Sony IMX715 Colour, uncooled 3864 × 2192 1.45 5.6 × 3.2 12 6 0.72–2.1 None
ZWO ASI662MC Sony IMX662 Colour, uncooled 1920 × 1080 2.9 5.6 × 3.1 12 38.2 0.8–6.9 None
ZWO ASI664MC Sony IMX664 Colour, uncooled 2704 × 1536 2.9 7.84 × 4.45 12 36.5 0.46–5.8 None
ZWO ASI224MC Sony IMX224 Colour, uncooled 1304 × 976 3.75 4.9 × 3.7 12 19.2 0.8–3.2 None
ZWO ASI174MM Sony IMX174 Mono, uncooled 1936 × 1216 5.86 11.3 × 7.1 12 32 3.5–6.0 None
ZWO ASI183MC Sony IMX183 Colour, uncooled 5496 × 3672 2.4 13.2 × 8.8 12 15 1.6–3.0 None
QHYCCD QHY268M Sony IMX571 Mono, cooled 6252 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 † 16 51 1.1–3.5 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY268C Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6252 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 † 16 51 1.1–3.5 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY533M Sony IMX533 Mono, cooled 3008 × 3028 3.76 11.3 × 11.4 † 14 58 1.3–3.4 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY533C Sony IMX533 Colour, cooled 3008 × 3028 3.76 11.3 × 11.4 † 14 58 1.3–3.4 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY600M Sony IMX455 Mono, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 51 1.0–3.7 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY600C Sony IMX455 Colour, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 51 1.0–3.7 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 35 °C below ambient, short exposures (<1 s) typically 30 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY294M Pro Sony IMX492 Mono, cooled 4164 × 2796 4.63 19.28 × 12.95 14 65 1.2–1.6 (High Gain Mode); 5.2–6.9 (Low Gain Mode) Dual-stage TEC, about 35 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY183M Sony IMX183 Mono, cooled 5544 × 3684 2.4 13.3 × 8.87 12 15.5 1.0–2.7 Dual-stage TEC, 40 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY183C Sony IMX183 Colour, cooled 5544 × 3684 2.4 13.3 × 8.87 12 15.5 1.0–2.7 Dual-stage TEC, 40 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY410C (discontinued) Sony IMX410 Colour, cooled 6072 × 4044 5.94 36 × 24 14 120 1.1–3.75 Dual-stage TEC, about 35 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD QHY163M (discontinued) Panasonic 16-megapixel 4/3-inch sensor (model number not named by QHY) Mono, cooled 4656 × 3522 3.8 17.7 × 13.4 12 not published 1.0–2.4 Dual-stage TEC, about 40 °C below ambient (test ambient +20 °C)
QHYCCD miniCAM8M Sony IMX585 Mono, cooled 3856 × 2180 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 † 12 54 0.76–7.8 Dual-stage TEC; long exposures (>1 s) typically 45 °C below ambient
QHYCCD QHY5III462C Sony IMX462 Colour, uncooled 1920 × 1080 2.9 5.6 × 3.1 † 12 12 0.5 None
QHYCCD QHY5III485C Sony IMX485 Colour, uncooled 3864 × 2180 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 † 12 12 0.77–2.4 None
QHYCCD QHY5III585C Sony IMX585 Colour, uncooled 3856 × 2180 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 † 12 52 0.77–8 None
QHYCCD QHY5III678M Sony IMX678 Mono, uncooled 3856 × 2180 2 7.7 × 4.4 † 12 9 0.57–3.3 None
QHYCCD QHY5III678C Sony IMX678 Colour, uncooled 3856 × 2180 2 7.7 × 4.4 † 12 9 0.57–3.3 None
QHYCCD QHY5III715C Sony IMX715 Colour, uncooled 3840 × 2192 1.45 5.6 × 3.2 12 5.7 0.87–2.17 None
QHYCCD QHY5III174M Sony IMX174 Mono, uncooled 1920 × 1200 5.86 11.3 × 7.0 † 12 32 2.2–5.5 None
QHYCCD QHY5III200M SC2210 Mono, uncooled 1920 × 1080 4 7.7 × 4.3 † 12 8 0.75–3 None
Player One Poseidon-C Pro Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6252 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 71.7 3.9-1.0e 40℃ ± 2℃ below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Poseidon-M Pro Sony IMX571 Mono, cooled 6252 × 4176 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 71.7 3.9-1.0e 40℃ ± 2℃ below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Ares-C Pro Sony IMX533 Colour, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 73 4.46-1e 35°C-40°C below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Ares-M Pro Sony IMX533 Mono, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 73 4.46-1e 35°C-40°C below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Zeus 455C Pro Sony IMX455 Colour, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 71.6 4.2-1.27e 35℃ ± 2℃ below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Zeus 455M Pro Sony IMX455 Mono, cooled 9576 × 6388 3.76 36 × 24 16 71.6 4.2-1.27e 35℃ ± 2℃ below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Uranus-C Sony IMX585 Colour, uncooled 3856 × 2180 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 12 47 7.2-0.7e None
Player One Uranus-C Pro Sony IMX585 Colour, cooled 3856 × 2180 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 12 47 7.2-0.7e 35°C-40°C below ambient (2-stage TEC)
Player One Neptune-C II Sony IMX464 Colour, uncooled 2712 × 1538 2.9 7.9 × 4.5 12 12 2.9e~0.7e None
Player One Neptune-M Sony IMX178 Mono, uncooled 3096 × 2078 2.4 7.4 × 5 14 15 2.2e~1.3e None
Player One Saturn-C SQR Sony IMX533 Colour, uncooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 73 4.46-1e None
Player One Saturn-M SQR Sony IMX533 Mono, uncooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.31 14 73 4.46-1e None
Player One Apollo-M MAX Sony IMX432 Mono, uncooled 1608 × 1104 9 14.5 × 9.9 12 100 22.9e~2.6e None
Player One Apollo-M MINI Sony IMX429 Mono, uncooled 1944 × 1472 4.5 8.75 × 6.6 12 25 5.6-1.45e None
Player One Mars-C II Sony IMX662 Colour, uncooled 1936 × 1100 2.9 5.6 × 3.2 12 54 6.7e~0.7e None
Player One Mars-M II Sony IMX462 Mono, uncooled 1944 × 1096 2.9 5.6 × 3.2 12 12 2.6e~0.7e None
Player One Ceres 462M Sony IMX462 Mono, uncooled 1944 × 1096 2.9 5.6 × 3.2 12 12 2.6e – 0.7e None
ToupTek ATR2600C Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6224 × 4168 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 51 0.883e- (HCG mode) Two-stage TEC, up to 42°C below ambient
ToupTek ATR2600M Sony IMX571 Mono, cooled 6224 × 4168 3.76 23.5 × 15.7 16 51 0.883e- (HCG mode) Two-stage TEC, up to 42°C below ambient
ToupTek ATR585C Sony IMX585 Colour, cooled 3856 × 2180 2.9 11.18 × 6.32 12 40 0.65 – 0.46 e- (manual spec table) Two-stage TEC, up to 45°C below ambient
ToupTek ATR585M Sony IMX585 Mono, cooled 3840 × 2160 2.9 11.2 × 6.3 12 38.9 0.50e- to 3.04e- Two-stage TEC, up to 45°C below ambient (long exposure)
ToupTek ATR533C Sony IMX533 Colour, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.28 14 50 1.1 e- (HCG mode) Two-stage TEC, up to 42°C below ambient
ToupTek ATR533M Sony IMX533 Mono, cooled 3008 × 3008 3.76 11.31 × 11.28 14 52 1.1e- (HCG mode) Two-stage TEC, up to 42°C below ambient
ToupTek G3M678C Sony IMX678 Colour, uncooled 3840 × 2160 2 7.7 × 4.3 12 11.6 0.42e- (HCG mode) - 2.43e- (LCG mode) None
ToupTek G3M678M Sony IMX678 Mono, uncooled 3840 × 2160 2 7.7 × 4.3 12 11.6 0.5e- (HCG mode) - 2.55e- (LCG mode) None
ToupTek SkyEye26AC Plus Sony IMX571 Colour, cooled 6224 × 4168 3.76 23.4 × 15.7 16 51 2.6–1.14e- (LCG) / 1.18–0.79e- (HCG) Two-stage TEC, -35°C / -43°C (up to Δ43°C below ambient)
ToupTek SkyEye62AM Sony IMX455 Mono, cooled 9568 × 6380 3.76 35.98 × 23.99 16 51 Standard Mode: 2.8 - 0.97 e-; Low Noise Mode: 1.95 - 0.9 e-; LCG Mode: 4.29 - 1.47 e- Two-stage TEC; ΔT -30℃ short exposure / -35℃ long exposure (>1s)
ToupTek GPM662M Sony IMX662 Mono, uncooled 1920 × 1080 2.9 5.57 × 3.13 12 33.8 HCG 0.4-1.32e-; LCG 2.33-5.86e- None
ToupTek GPCMOS02000KPA Sony IMX290 Colour, uncooled 1920 × 1080 2.9 5.57 × 3.13 12 11.2 0.84 - 0.53e- None

† Computed as pixels × pixel size; the manufacturer gives no sensor size in millimetres.

DSLR and mirrorless bodies

Camera makers publish sensor size and image size; most do not publish pixel pitch, so it is derived and marked.

DSLR and mirrorless cameras: published sensor specifications
Model Sensor format Resolution (px) Pixel (µm) Sensor (mm) Raw bits
Canon EOS R6 Mark II Full-frame CMOS 6000 × 4000 6 36 × 24 14
Canon EOS R8 Full-frame CMOS 6000 × 4000 6 36 × 24 14
Canon EOS Ra Full-frame CMOS (Hα-enhanced IR filter) 6720 × 4480 5.36 36 × 24 14
Canon EOS 6D Mark II Full-frame CMOS 6240 × 4160 5.67 35.9 × 24 14
Canon EOS R5 Full-frame CMOS 8192 × 5464 4.4 36 × 24 14
Canon EOS R5 Mark II Full-frame back-illuminated stacked CMOS 8192 × 5464 4.4 36 × 24 14
Canon EOS R7 APS-C CMOS 6960 × 4640 3.2 22.3 × 14.8 14
Canon EOS 90D APS-C CMOS 6960 × 4640 3.2 22.3 × 14.8 14
Canon EOS 850D (EOS Rebel T8i) APS-C CMOS 6000 × 4000 3.72 22.3 × 14.9 14
Nikon Z6III Full-frame (FX-format) CMOS 6048 × 4032 5.94 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Nikon Z f Full-frame (FX-format) CMOS 6048 × 4032 5.94 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Nikon Z 8 Full-frame (FX-format) CMOS 8256 × 5504 4.35 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Nikon D850 Full-frame (FX) CMOS 8256 × 5504 4.35 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Nikon Z5II Full-frame (FX-format) CMOS 6048 × 4032 5.94 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Sony Alpha 7 IV (ILCE-7M4) 35 mm full frame Exmor R CMOS 7008 × 4672 5.12 ‡ 35.9 × 23.9 14
Sony Alpha 7S III (ILCE-7SM3) 35 mm full frame Exmor R CMOS 4240 × 2832 8.4 ‡ 35.6 × 23.8 14
Sony Alpha 7R V (ILCE-7RM5) 35 mm full frame Exmor R CMOS 9504 × 6336 3.76 ‡ 35.7 × 23.8 14
Fujifilm X-T5 APS-C X-Trans CMOS 5 HR 7728 × 5152 3.04 ‡ 23.5 × 15.7 14

‡ Derived as sensor width ÷ pixels across; the manufacturer does not publish the pixel pitch.

Sources

Manufacturer specification pages for every camera above.

  1. ZWO ASI2600MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  2. ZWO ASI2600MC Duo specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  3. ZWO ASI2600MC Air specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  4. ZWO ASI533MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  5. ZWO ASI294MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  6. ZWO ASI071MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  7. ZWO ASI183MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  8. ZWO ASI6200MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  9. ZWO ASI2400MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  10. ZWO ASI585MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  11. ZWO ASI461MM Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  12. ZWO ASI4400MC Pro specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  13. ZWO ASI120MM Mini specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  14. ZWO ASI220MM Mini specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  15. ZWO ASI462MM specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  16. ZWO ASI585MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  17. ZWO ASI678MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  18. ZWO ASI715MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  19. ZWO ASI662MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  20. ZWO ASI664MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  21. ZWO ASI224MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  22. ZWO ASI174MM specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  23. ZWO ASI183MC specifications ZWO. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  24. QHYCCD QHY268M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  25. QHYCCD QHY533M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  26. QHYCCD QHY600M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  27. QHYCCD QHY294M Pro specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  28. QHYCCD QHY183M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  29. QHYCCD QHY410C specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  30. QHYCCD miniCAM8M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  31. QHYCCD QHY5III462C specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  32. QHYCCD QHY5III485C specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  33. QHYCCD QHY5III585C specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  34. QHYCCD QHY5III678M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  35. QHYCCD QHY5III715C specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  36. QHYCCD QHY5III174M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  37. QHYCCD QHY5III200M specifications QHYCCD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  38. Player One Poseidon-C Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  39. Player One Poseidon-M Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  40. Player One Ares-C Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  41. Player One Ares-M Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  42. Player One Zeus 455C Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  43. Player One Zeus 455M Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  44. Player One Uranus-C specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  45. Player One Uranus-C Pro specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  46. Player One Neptune-C II specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  47. Player One Neptune-M specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  48. Player One Saturn-C SQR specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  49. Player One Saturn-M SQR specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  50. Player One Apollo-M MAX specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  51. Player One Apollo-M MINI specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  52. Player One Mars-C II specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  53. Player One Mars-M II specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  54. Player One Ceres 462M specifications Player One. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  55. ToupTek ATR2600C specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  56. ToupTek ATR2600M specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  57. ToupTek ATR585C specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  58. ToupTek ATR585M specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  59. ToupTek ATR533C specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  60. ToupTek ATR533M specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  61. ToupTek G3M678C specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  62. ToupTek G3M678M specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  63. ToupTek SkyEye26AC Plus specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  64. ToupTek SkyEye62AM specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  65. ToupTek GPM662M specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  66. ToupTek GPCMOS02000KPA specifications ToupTek. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  67. Canon EOS R6 Mark II specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  68. Canon EOS R8 specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  69. Canon EOS Ra specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  70. Canon EOS 6D Mark II specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  71. Canon EOS R5 specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  72. Canon EOS R5 Mark II specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  73. Canon EOS R7 specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  74. Canon EOS 90D specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  75. Canon EOS 850D (EOS Rebel T8i) specifications Canon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  76. Nikon Z6III specifications Nikon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  77. Nikon Z f specifications Nikon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  78. Nikon Z 8 specifications Nikon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  79. Nikon D850 specifications Nikon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  80. Nikon Z5II specifications Nikon. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  81. Sony Alpha 7 IV (ILCE-7M4) specifications Sony. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  82. Sony Alpha 7S III (ILCE-7SM3) specifications Sony. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  83. Sony Alpha 7R V (ILCE-7RM5) specifications Sony. Accessed October 12, 2026.
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