FOVMath

Deep-sky targets and framing

Framing guides for well-known deep-sky objects, and a sortable table of 65 targets with their catalogue sizes. Sizes come from the SEDS Messier catalogue, SIMBAD and published catalogues on VizieR; each row links to the record it came from. Coordinates are J2000 positions from SIMBAD.

The "best placed" column is computed, not quoted: an object is highest at local midnight when it is opposite the Sun, which happens on a date set by its right ascension. In the evening, the same object is well placed for roughly two months after that date.

Framing guides

  • Andromeda Galaxy (M31)

    M31 spans about 3° × 1° in the SEDS catalogue. Which focal lengths fit it on APS-C, full-frame and 1-inch sensors, and how to rotate the camera.

    M31 (Andromeda Galaxy): 178′ × 63′, spiral galaxy

  • Eagle Nebula (M16)

    SEDS lists M16 at 7′, but that is the star cluster. The nebula spans over 30′. Focal lengths for the whole Eagle and for the Pillars region.

    M16 (Eagle Nebula): 35′, emission nebula with open cluster

  • Heart and Soul Nebulae

    IC 1805 and IC 1848 are 149′ apart in Cassiopeia. Their sizes differ by catalogue from 60′ to 150′; focal lengths and mosaics for the pair and each nebula.

    IC 1805 (Heart Nebula): 150′, emission nebula with open cluster

  • Lagoon and Trifid (M8, M20)

    M8 and M20 are 85.8′ apart in Sagittarius. Focal lengths that hold both, the catalogue sizes behind the numbers, and why latitude matters for this pair.

    M8 (Lagoon Nebula): 90′ × 40′, emission nebula with open cluster

  • Leo Triplet

    The three Leo Triplet galaxies span about 41′ × 24′ in catalogue outlines. Focal lengths that hold all three, and why catalogue sizes for M65 differ twofold.

    M66: 8′ × 2.5′, spiral galaxy

  • M81 and M82

    M81 and M82 are 36.9′ apart, almost north–south. The focal lengths that fit both on APS-C, full-frame and square sensors, and why portrait helps.

    M81 (Bode's Galaxy): 21′ × 10′, spiral galaxy

  • North America and Pelican

    NGC 7000 and IC 5070 are 83.5′ apart and together span about 181′ × 120′. Focal lengths for the pair, sizes from three catalogues, and mosaic options.

    NGC 7000 (North America Nebula): 120′, emission nebula

  • Orion Nebula (M42)

    M42 measures 85′ × 60′ in the SEDS table and 66′ × 60′ in its text. Focal lengths for APS-C and full frame, M43 next door, and the bright Trapezium.

    M42 (Orion Nebula): 85′ × 60′, emission and reflection nebula

  • Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)

    M101 is a face-on spiral of 22′ (SEDS) to 26.9′ (NGC 2000.0). Which focal lengths frame it, and why its best month differs from its midnight date.

    M101 (Pinwheel Galaxy): 22′, spiral galaxy

  • Pleiades (M45)

    The SEDS catalogue gives the Pleiades 110′. Which focal lengths frame the cluster on APS-C and full frame, and why the dust around it needs extra room.

    M45 (Pleiades): 110′, open cluster

  • Rosette Nebula

    The Rosette spans 100′ in the Sharpless catalogue, with the cluster NGC 2244 at its centre. Focal lengths for APS-C, full frame and square sensors.

    NGC 2237 (Rosette Nebula): 100′, emission nebula

  • Triangulum Galaxy (M33)

    M33 measures 73′ × 45′ in the SEDS catalogue but only 60′ × 36′ in SIMBAD. What that means for focal length, and when NGC 604 needs a longer lens.

    M33 (Triangulum Galaxy): 73′ × 45′, spiral galaxy

  • Veil Nebula (Cygnus Loop)

    The Cygnus Loop spans 230′ × 160′ in SIMBAD; its bright arcs NGC 6960 and NGC 6992 are 150′ apart. Focal lengths for the whole loop and for each arc.

    Cygnus Loop (Veil Nebula (whole loop)): 230′ × 160′, supernova remnant

  • Whirlpool Galaxy (M51)

    M51 is only 11′ × 7′. How much focal length it needs on common sensors, why sampling sets the real limit, and where NGC 5195 sits.

    M51 (Whirlpool Galaxy): 11′ × 7′, spiral galaxy

All targets

Select a column heading to sort. Use the target framing calculator to test any of these with your own camera.

Deep-sky targets: catalogue sizes, J2000 positions and computed best dates
Object Type Constellation Size (arcmin) RA Dec V mag Highest at midnight Size source
M1 Crab Nebula Supernova remnant Taurus 6 × 4 05h 35m +22° 01′ 8.4 mid December SEDS Messier catalogue
M3 Globular cluster Canes Venatici 18 13h 42m +28° 23′ 6.4 mid April SEDS Messier catalogue
M8 Lagoon Nebula Emission nebula Sagittarius 90 × 40 18h 04m −24° 23′ 4.6 late June SEDS Messier catalogue
M11 Wild Duck Cluster Open cluster Scutum 14 18h 51m −6° 16′ 5.8 early July SEDS Messier catalogue
M13 Hercules Globular Cluster Globular cluster Hercules 20 16h 42m +36° 28′ 5.8 late May SEDS Messier catalogue
M16 Eagle Nebula Emission nebula Serpens (Cauda) 35 18h 19m −13° 48′ 6.4 late June NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
M17 Omega Nebula Emission nebula Sagittarius 11 18h 21m −16° 10′ 6.0 late June SEDS Messier catalogue
M20 Trifid Nebula Emission nebula Sagittarius 28 18h 03m −22° 58′ 6.3 late June SEDS Messier catalogue
M27 Dumbbell Nebula Planetary nebula Vulpecula 8 × 5.7 20h 00m +22° 43′ 7.4 late July SEDS Messier catalogue
M31 Andromeda Galaxy Galaxy Andromeda 178 × 63 00h 43m +41° 16′ 3.4 late September SEDS Messier catalogue
M33 Triangulum Galaxy Galaxy Triangulum 73 × 45 01h 34m +30° 40′ 5.7 mid October SEDS Messier catalogue
M35 Open cluster Gemini 28 06h 09m +24° 20′ 5.3 late December SEDS Messier catalogue
M42 Orion Nebula Emission nebula Orion 85 × 60 05h 35m −5° 23′ 4.0 mid December SEDS Messier catalogue
M44 Beehive Cluster (Praesepe) Open cluster Cancer 95 08h 40m +19° 37′ 3.7 late January SEDS Messier catalogue
M45 Pleiades Open cluster Taurus 110 03h 46m +24° 07′ 1.6 mid November SEDS Messier catalogue
M51 Whirlpool Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici 11 × 7 13h 30m +47° 12′ 8.4 mid April SEDS Messier catalogue
M57 Ring Nebula Planetary nebula Lyra 1.4 × 1 18h 54m +33° 02′ 8.8 early July SEDS Messier catalogue
M63 Sunflower Galaxy Galaxy Canes Venatici 10 × 6 13h 16m +42° 02′ 8.6 early April SEDS Messier catalogue
M64 Black Eye Galaxy Galaxy Coma Berenices 9.3 × 5.4 12h 57m +21° 41′ 8.5 early April SEDS Messier catalogue
M65 Galaxy Leo 8 × 1.5 11h 19m +13° 06′ 9.3 mid March SEDS Messier catalogue
M66 Galaxy Leo 8 × 2.5 11h 20m +12° 59′ 8.9 mid March SEDS Messier catalogue
M78 Reflection nebula Orion 8 × 6 05h 47m +0° 05′ 8.3 mid December SEDS Messier catalogue
M81 Bode's Galaxy Galaxy Ursa Major 21 × 10 09h 56m +69° 04′ 6.9 mid February SEDS Messier catalogue
M82 Cigar Galaxy Galaxy Ursa Major 9 × 4 09h 56m +69° 41′ 8.4 mid February SEDS Messier catalogue
M83 Southern Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy Hydra 11 × 10 13h 37m −29° 52′ 7.5 mid April SEDS Messier catalogue
M97 Owl Nebula Planetary nebula Ursa Major 3.4 × 3.3 11h 15m +55° 01′ 9.9 early March SEDS Messier catalogue
M101 Pinwheel Galaxy Galaxy Ursa Major 22 14h 03m +54° 21′ 7.9 late April SEDS Messier catalogue
M104 Sombrero Galaxy Galaxy Virgo 9 × 4 12h 40m −11° 37′ 8.0 late March SEDS Messier catalogue
M106 Galaxy Canes Venatici 19 × 8 12h 19m +47° 18′ 8.4 late March SEDS Messier catalogue
M109 Galaxy Ursa Major 7 × 4 11h 58m +53° 22′ 9.8 late March SEDS Messier catalogue
NGC 3628 Galaxy Leo 24.4 × 4.8 11h 20m +13° 35′ 9.5 mid March SIMBAD
NGC 7000 North America Nebula Emission nebula Cygnus 120 20h 59m +44° 20′ 5.0 early August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 5070 Pelican Nebula Emission nebula Cygnus 80 20h 51m +44° 22′ – early August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 6960 Western Veil Nebula Supernova remnant Cygnus 70 20h 46m +30° 42′ 8.0 early August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 6992 Eastern Veil Nebula Supernova remnant Cygnus 60 20h 56m +31° 45′ 8.0 early August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 2237 Rosette Nebula Emission nebula Monoceros 100 06h 32m +4° 48′ – late December Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
NGC 2244 Open cluster Monoceros 24 06h 32m +4° 55′ 4.8 late December NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 1805 Heart Nebula Emission nebula Cassiopeia 150 02h 33m +61° 28′ 6.5 late October Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
IC 1848 Soul Nebula Emission nebula Cassiopeia 120 02h 51m +60° 25′ 6.5 early November Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
NGC 1499 California Nebula Emission nebula Perseus 160 × 40 04h 03m +36° 25′ – mid November Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9
IC 434 Emission nebula Orion 60 05h 41m −2° 30′ – mid December NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
Barnard 33 Horsehead Nebula Dark nebula Orion 4 05h 41m −2° 27′ – mid December Barnard (1927) dark objects via VizieR VII/220A
NGC 2024 Flame Nebula Emission nebula Orion 30 05h 42m −1° 51′ – mid December NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 1396 Elephant's Trunk Nebula region Emission nebula Cepheus 170 21h 39m +57° 31′ 3.5 mid August Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
NGC 7635 Bubble Nebula Emission nebula Cassiopeia 15 × 8 23h 21m +61° 12′ 8.7 early September Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9
NGC 281 Pacman Nebula Emission nebula Cassiopeia 40 00h 52m +56° 34′ – early October Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
NGC 6888 Crescent Nebula Emission nebula Cygnus 18 20h 12m +38° 21′ 8.8 late July Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
NGC 891 Galaxy Andromeda 12.3 × 2.5 02h 23m +42° 21′ 9.9 late October SIMBAD
NGC 4565 Needle Galaxy Galaxy Coma Berenices 13.8 × 2.2 12h 36m +25° 59′ 9.6 late March SIMBAD
NGC 253 Sculptor Galaxy Galaxy Sculptor 28.8 × 5.9 00h 48m −25° 17′ 7.1 early October SIMBAD
NGC 869 h Persei (Double Cluster, west) Open cluster Perseus and Cassiopeia 30 02h 19m +57° 08′ – late October NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 884 chi Persei (Double Cluster, east) Open cluster Perseus and Cassiopeia 30 02h 22m +57° 09′ – late October NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 2118 Witch Head Nebula Reflection nebula Eridanus 180 05h 02m −7° 54′ – early December NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 7293 Helix Nebula Planetary nebula Aquarius 12.8 22h 30m −20° 50′ 7.3 late August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 6946 Fireworks Galaxy Galaxy Cepheus and Cygnus 11.5 × 10.7 20h 35m +60° 09′ 8.9 late July SIMBAD
NGC 2264 Christmas Tree Cluster / Cone Nebula Open cluster Monoceros 60 06h 41m +9° 53′ 3.9 late December NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 7023 Iris Nebula Reflection nebula Cepheus 18 21h 02m +68° 10′ 7.0 early August NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 405 Flaming Star Nebula Emission nebula Auriga 50 × 30 05h 17m +34° 23′ – early December Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9
NGC 5139 Omega Centauri Globular cluster Centaurus 36.3 13h 27m −47° 29′ 3.7 mid April NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
NGC 6543 Cat's Eye Nebula Planetary nebula Draco 5.8 17h 59m +66° 38′ 8.2 mid June NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118
IC 443 Jellyfish Nebula Supernova remnant Gemini 50 06h 17m +22° 34′ – late December Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20
Cygnus Loop Veil Nebula (whole loop) Supernova remnant Cygnus 230 × 160 20h 51m +30° 40′ – early August SIMBAD
M32 Galaxy Andromeda 8 × 6 00h 43m +40° 52′ 8.1 late September SEDS Messier catalogue
M110 Galaxy Andromeda 17 × 10 00h 40m +41° 41′ 8.5 late September SEDS Messier catalogue
M43 De Mairan's Nebula Emission nebula Orion 20 × 15 05h 36m −5° 16′ 9.0 mid December SEDS Messier catalogue

Sources

Every size and position in the table, by object. Accessed 2026-10-12.

  1. M1: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  2. M1 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  3. M3: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  4. M3 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  5. M8: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  6. M8 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  7. M11: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  8. M11 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  9. M13: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  10. M13 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  11. NGC 6611: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  12. M16 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  13. M17: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  14. M17 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  15. M20: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  16. M20 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  17. M27: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  18. M27 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  19. M31: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  20. M31 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  21. M33: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  22. M33 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  23. M35: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  24. M35 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  25. M42: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  26. M42 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  27. M44: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  28. M44 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  29. M45: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  30. M45 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  31. M51: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  32. M51 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  33. M57: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  34. M57 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  35. M63: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  36. M63 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  37. M64: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  38. M64 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  39. M65: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  40. M65 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  41. M66: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  42. M66 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  43. M78: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  44. M78 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  45. M81: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  46. M81 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  47. M82: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  48. M82 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  49. M83: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  50. M83 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  51. M97: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  52. M97 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  53. M101: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  54. M101 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  55. M104: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  56. M104 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  57. M106: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  58. M106 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  59. M109: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  60. M109 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  61. NGC 3628: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  62. NGC 7000: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  63. NGC 7000 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  64. IC 5070: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  65. IC 5070 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  66. NGC 6960: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  67. NGC 6960 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  68. NGC 6992: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  69. NGC 6992 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  70. NGC 2237: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  71. NGC 2237 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  72. NGC 2244: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  73. NGC 2244 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  74. IC 1805: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  75. IC 1805 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  76. IC 1848: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  77. IC 1848 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  78. LBN 756: Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9 Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  79. NGC 1499 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  80. IC 434: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  81. IC 434 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  82. Barnard 33: Barnard (1927) dark objects via VizieR VII/220A Barnard (1927) dark objects via VizieR VII/220A. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  83. Barnard 33 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  84. NGC 2024: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  85. NGC 2024 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  86. IC 1396: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  87. IC 1396 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  88. LBN 548: Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9 Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  89. NGC 7635 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  90. NGC 281: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  91. NGC 281 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  92. NGC 6888: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  93. NGC 6888 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  94. NGC 891: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  95. NGC 4565: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  96. NGC 253: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  97. NGC 869: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  98. NGC 869 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  99. NGC 884: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  100. NGC 884 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  101. IC 2118: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  102. IC 2118 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  103. NGC 7293: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  104. NGC 7293 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  105. NGC 6946: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  106. NGC 2264: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  107. NGC 2264 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  108. NGC 7023: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  109. NGC 7023 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  110. LBN 795: Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9 Lynds (1965) bright nebulae via VizieR VII/9. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  111. IC 405 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  112. NGC 5139: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  113. NGC 5139 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  114. NGC 6543: NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118 NGC 2000.0 (Sinnott 1988) via VizieR VII/118. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  115. NGC 6543 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  116. IC 443: Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20 Sharpless (1959) via VizieR VII/20. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  117. IC 443 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  118. NAME Cyg Loop: SIMBAD SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  119. M32: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  120. M32 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  121. M110: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  122. M110 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  123. M43: SEDS Messier catalogue SEDS Messier catalogue. Accessed October 12, 2026.
  124. M43 in SIMBAD CDS Strasbourg, SIMBAD. Accessed October 12, 2026.